协助翻译研究生的论文时,我们发现因文化差异,以中文为母语的学生往往不敢使用明确的形容词或超级形容词,甚至在叙述结果时,会习惯使用较含蓄或谦虚的表达方式,例如"较"或"相当",而无法明确表达比较的意涵。
这周的文章,我们来讨论中英文"比较"的差异,以及如何正确的撰写英文的"比较",来呈现重点。
"比较"的中英文差异及英文正确写法
1. 中文例句:大学生因处在早期的成年阶段,较容易有焦虑或忧郁倾向。
试问:与哪个年龄层比较?未成年的青少年?还是青壮年?
建议的英文写法:
- 加入"与成年人(adults)比较"
College students are more prone to anxiety and depression than adults as they face early adulthood.
- 若没有要比较的意思,则省略口语习惯中的"较"
College students tend to exhibit anxiety and depression tendencies when faced with early adulthood.
2. 中文例句:本研究采用不记名来做问卷调查,使参与者比较放心并减少个人偏颇倾向。
虽提到"比较",但并无比较用意,因此建议的英文写法:
- 把"放心"译成 "rest assured" 不够明确,可进一步解释为何可使参与者放心
This study adopted an anonymous questionnaire design to eliminate the privacy concerns of respondents and reduce personal biases.
3. 中文例句:ABC公司是由发明盲签名方法的学者John Doe所创立的,目前被视为实验室研发成果较成功转移到业界的典范案例。
此处的"较成功"会令读者认为不是很成功,同后面的"典范案例"矛盾,而且"较"字也无比较用意
建议的英文写法:
ABC Company, formed by John Doe, the inventor of blind signature technology, is one of the successful cases of technology transfer from research laboratory to the commercial industry.
4. 中文例句:结果显示,使用本研究所提的方法运算出的算法更为精准。
试问:是与什么方法或研究比较之下更为精准?
建议的英文写法:
Our results showed that the algorithm obtained using the method proposed in this study is more accurate than those calculated using conventional methods.(加入those calculated using conventional methods作为比较)
但切记不能写成:
Our results showed that the algorithm obtained using the method proposed in this study is more accurate than conventional methods.
因为比较的对象会变成是 "methods" 而不是 "algorithms",会造成比较对象不一致。
5. 中文例句:透过户外教学的实施,对学生科学素养的提升相当有效。
"相当"(relative)也是比较词,若翻译成 "relatively increased" 或 "relative increase",会让读者不确定这成效的提升是如何比较出来的。若含蓄地使用 "quite effective",可能也会让读者质疑到底多有效。
建议的英文写法:
- 若该成效在文献或结果中是显著的,建议使用 "significant" 来表达
Participation in field trip activities significantly enhanced the scientific literacy of students.
- 若成效不显著但还是想含蓄地表达,可使用 "though not significant" 及 "moderately" 来叙述
Though not significant, participation in field trip activities moderately enhanced the scientific literacy of students.
- 如果想表达成效与别的方法比较下有相当程度的提升,那就直接说明比较的对象
Compared with classroom learning, participation in field trip activities more effectively enhanced the scientific literacy of students.
Compared with classroom learning, participation in field trip activities significantly enhanced the scientific literacy of students.(有显著提升,有统计数据支持)
Compared with classroom learning, participation in field trip activities markedly enhanced the scientific literacy of students.(有大幅提升,但无统计数据支持)